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sports-related policies, reflections on the practice of medicine, and comparisons of medical systems or medical education regimes between Japan and other countries.Journal & Ethics PoliciesJMJ upholds the highest standards in scholarly publishing.Before submitting a manuscript to the journal, authors must ensure that they have read and complied with the journalʼs policies. The journal reserves the right to reject without review, or retract, any manuscript that the Editor believes may not comply with these policies.The responsibilities of the journalʼs authors, editors, reviewers and publisher regarding research and publication ethics are described in full below.Corresponding authors must ensure attest that the submitted experimental results are unpublished and not under consideration for publication else-where.Corresponding authors must inform the editors if any related manuscripts are under consideration, in press or published elsewhere. The availability of a manuscript on a publicly accessible preprint server does not constitute prior publication (see ʻPreprintsʼ).If authors choose to submit their manuscript else-where before a final decision has been made on its suitability for publication in JMJ, the corresponding author should first withdraw it from the journal.SubmissionJMJ welcomes manuscript submissions authors based anywhere in the world.Submission of a manuscript to the journal implies that all authors: have approved it, warrant it is factual, have agreed to its submission, and have the right to publish it.OriginalitySubmission to the journal implies that the manu-script is original work. The journal may use Crossrefʼs Similarity Check (https://www.crossref. org/services/similarity-check/) plagiarism soft-ware to screen manuscripts for unoriginal content. By submitting a manuscript to the journal, authors agree to this screening. Any manuscript with an unacceptable level of unoriginal material may be rejected or retracted at the Editorsʼ discretion.PreprintsTo support the wide dissemination of research, the journal encourages authors to post their research manuscripts on community-recognized preprint servers, either before or alongside submission to the journal. This policy applies only to the original version of a manuscript that describes primary research. Any version of a manuscript that has been revised in response to reviewersʼ comments, accepted for publication or published in the journal should not be posted on a preprint server. Instead, forward links to the published manuscript may be posted on the preprint server.Authors should retain copyright in their work when posting to a preprint server.ScoopingWhen assessing the novelty of a manuscript submitted to the journal, the editors will not be influenced by other manuscripts that are posted on community-recognized preprint servers after the date of submission to JMJ (or after the date of posting on a preprint server, if the manuscript is submitted to the journal within 4 months).AuthorshipSubmission to the journal implies that all authors have seen and approved the author list. Changes to the author list after manuscript submission - such as the insertion or removal of author names, or a rearrangement of author order - must be approved by all authors and the editor.Authors are encouraged to consider the Interna-tional Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations on ʻDefining the Role of Authors and Contributors (http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-respon-from 651