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(12.9)(16.8)(15.3)(17.9)(22.0)(15.1)(13.4)(20.1)(20.3)(18.8)(16.4)(11.1)(14.3)(17.1)(16.0)(17.1)(22.0)(13.5)(13.6)(20.0)(20.9)(20.3)(15.8)(9.5)nAge(years)　20-29　30-39　40-49　50-59　60-69　70-79Education level　Junior high school　High school　 Junior college or technical (14.7)(45.5)(12.3)(43.2)(13.9)(43.0)(12.0)(40.3)(25.4)(14.4)(67.5)(18.2)(14.3)(29.1)(15.5)(66.6)(19.1)(14.3)(10.5)(32.6)(71.0)(24.1)(4.9)(12.7)(35.1)(68.6)(25.5)(5.8)(53.6)(46.4)(0.8)(8.3)(1.0)(90.0)(57.9)(42.1)(1.4)(11.4)(1.4)(85.9)(75.9)(24.1)(8.8)(27.6)(1.98)(61.6)(9.7)(27.4)(2.4)(60.5)(78.9)(21.1)Table 1　Demographic characteristics according to Stress status of 59,401 people (28,588 men and 30,813 women)the multivariable-adjusted ORs for “Own illness or long-term care,” “Illness or long-term care of a family member,” “Own studies, exams, entrance exams,” “Child's education,” and “Other” also remained significant; the respective ORs (95% CI) were 0.67 (0.60-0.74), 0.87 (0.77-0.98), 0.59 (0.46-0.77), 0.83 (0.72-0.96), and 0.73 (0.63-0.85), respectively. In women, the multivariable-adjusted ORs for “Rela-tionship with family,” “Relationship with nonfamily members,” “Related to love-making or sex,” “Divorce,” “Bullying, sexual harassment,” “Lack of purpose in life,” “Lack of personal time,” and “Own job” also remained significant; the respective ORs (95% CI) were 1.31 (1.17-1.46), 1.18 (1.06-1.32), 616upper secondary school　University or graduate schoolMarital status　Married　Single　Divorced or widowedWorking status　Worker　Non- WorkerSmoking status　≧21cigarettes/day　≦20cigarettes/day　Occasional　Non-SmokerData were shown as percent except for No. of participants.*Chi-square test.Stress（％）(43.9)nn13,8661,8862,7672,8982,8132,1851,3171,5105,0901,5994,4399,5183,54180710,9442,9221,3453,8043358,382MenNon-Stressnp*　（％）(52.9)14,722<0.0012,1002,5172,3602,5173,2421,986<0.0011,8525,7231,4014,340<0.00110,4573,544721<0.00111,1693,5530.0031,2974,0642919,0701.66 (1.34-2.07), 1.50 (1.02-2.20), 1.51 (1.00-2.28), 1.23 (1.06-1.44), 1.27 (1.10-1.46), and 1.12 (1.03-1.23), respectively.Summary of the resultsFor both genders, those who had financial stress (i.e., low family budget, debts) were associated with a higher prevalence of smoking behavior. Women with worry and stress from human rela-tionships or their jobs were associated with a higher prevalence of smoking behavior. By contrast, men with health-related stress were associated with a lower prevalence of smoking.WomenStress（％）(56.1)17,71913,0941,6952,1962,0052,3462,8791,9732,3693,5643,5933,3322,9001,9611,7395,3641,9796,9333,0014,6671,6952,4828,8422,3861,86611,7963,3852,5387,0246,07010,2527,4671041,08112511,7842422,01624615,215Non-Stressnp*　（％）(47.1)<0.001<0.0010.07<0.001<0.001Discussion