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Hiroo WADA1), Ai IKEDA1), Takeshi TANIGAWA1)1)Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan2)Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Special Course of Food and Health Science, Department of Bioscience, Tomoyo SATO1), Mitsuya MAEDA1), Yumi KAWATA1), Koutatsu MARUYAMA1, 2), Corresponding author: Ai IkedaDepartment of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, JapanTEL: +81-3-5802-1049　FAX: +81-3-3814-0305　E-mail: a-noda@juntendo.ac.jpCorresponding author: Takeshi TanigawaDepartment of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, JapanTEL: +81-3-5802-1049　FAX: +81-3-3814-0305　E-mail: tataniga@juntendo.ac.jp〔Received　Dec. 17, 2020〕〔Accepted　Nov. 1, 2022〕J-STAGE Advance published date: Dec. 1, 2022Copyright © 2022 The Juntendo Medical Society. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original source is properly credited. doi: 10.14789/jmj.JMJ20-OA18Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine which sources of worry and stress are associated with smoking behavior and if these associations are varied by gender.Methods: The anonymous data of 28,588 men and 30,813 women aged 20-79 years old in Japan were analyzed. We defined the subjects who chose “smoking everyday” as “smokers.” We also assessed 20 sources of worry and stress. Multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of smoking for each source of worry and stress were calculated using logistic regression analysis.Results: We found significant association of financial stress with smoking behavior in both genders. The multivariable OR (95% CI) of smoking according to stress from financial stress was 1.22 (1.15-1.31) in men and 1.66 (1.53-1.80) in women. Moreover, the OR of smoking according to stress from human relationships and job affairs was significantly higher for women.Conclusion: We found that some sources of worry and stress were related to smoking behavior and these associations were found to be gender-specific.Key words: stress, worry, smokingJuntendo Medical Journal2022. 68(6), 613-621Original ArticlesAssociation of Sources of Worry and Stress with Smoking in Japan: Findings from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 2010IntroductionSmoking is known as one of the coping actions for stress regardless of gender, age, and race1). Previous studies have suggested that psychological distress is strongly associated with a higher preva-lence of smoking behavior among adults2-7) and is also associated with the risk of lifetime smoking for adolescents8). Another study has suggested that reducing work stress by increasing job control, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Ehime, Japandecreasing job strain, and finding a better balance between personal efforts and rewards gained from work might help smoking cessation efforts9). Thus, stress management is important for smoking control. A large Japanese cross-sectional study reported a statistically significant association between being a current smoker and severe psychological distress (SPD) for both genders; however, in terms of former smokers, the study found an association 613