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(n = 221)78 (35.3%)94 (42.5%)49 (22.2%)64 (29.0%)1 (0.5%)(n = 384)62 (16.1%)26 (6.8%)296 (77.1%)57 (14.8%)4 (4.0%)(n = 616)131 (21.3%)88 (14.3%)397 (64.4%)230 (37.3%)18 (2.9%)1111Table 2 Results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify factors affecting postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) that developed in 47.3% of patients (577/1221)Table 3 Rescue analgesics and rescue antiemetics given postoperatively and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in the toral cohort, in patients receiving intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) without droperidol, in patients receiving PCA with droperidol, and in patients not receiving PCA586Age (years) Body mass index (kg/m2) Smoking habitsDuration of anesthesia (hours)Methods of anesthesiaProphylactic antiemeticsReversal agent for muscle relaxantsPostoperative rescue opioid analgesicsPCA with droperidolNo use of PCAPCA without droperidolNo use of PCAPCA without droperidolPCA with droperidolCIs, confidence intervals; ORs, odds ratios; PCA, intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesiaRegarding PCA, ORs, 95% CIs, and p values relative to PCA with droperidol and relative to no use of PCA were calculated. Non-opioid analgesicsOpioid analgesicsNo useMetoclopramideDroperidolMetoclopramide + DroperidolNo useYes (+)No (-)Rescue analgesics other than PCARescue antiemeticsPONVUnivariate logistic regression analysisORsp value0.4310 0.993 0.4940 1.010 0.767 0.2460 0.0689 1.150 0.9400 0.970 0.0010 0.533 0.696 < 0.00010.0253 1.410 1.900 2.720 1.430 0.527 Total cohort(n = 1221)271 (22.2%)208 (17.0%)742 (60.8%)351 (28.7%)23 (1.9%)15 (1.2%)832 (68.2%)577 (47.3%)644 (52.7%)95% CIs0.977-1.0100.975-1.0500.490-1.2000.990-1.3300.439-2.1400.367-0.7760.553-0.8761.040-1.9001.350-2.6702.090-3.5500.0002 < 0.00011.050-1.9500.375-0.7400.0218 0.0002 PCA without droperidol 11 (1.8%)357 (58.0%)348 (56.5%)268 (43.5%)fentanyl PCA without droperidol tended to be asso-ciated with the higher incidence of PONV, compared with no use of PCA; and the use of the reversal agent neostigmine 2 mg co-administrated with atropine 1 mg was associated with the lower inci-dence of PONV. On the other hand, age, BMI, the method of general anesthesia, or smoking habits were not associated with the incidence of PONV with either univariate or multivariate logistic Multivariate logistic regression analysisp value0.2540 0.5000 0.1820 0.0467 0.7080 0.1380 0.0177 0.2150 95% CIs0.973-1.0100.973-1.0600.460-1.1601.000-1.3600.373-1.9500.492-1.1000.585-0.9500.887-1.700ORs0.990 1.010 0.730 1.170 0.854 0.737 0.746 1.230 1.250-2.6401.880-3.3101.810 2.500 0.988-1.9200.379-0.8021.380 0.552 PCA with droperidol2 (0.5%)321 (83.6%)124 (32.3%)260 (67.6%)Data are expressed as Number (%). Data were compared among three groups using the chi-square test.0.0019 < 0.00010.0592 0.0019 No use of PCAp value< 0.0001< 0.00012 (0.9%)154 (69.7%)105 (47.5%)116 (52.5%)< 0.0001DiscussionIn the present study, the multiple logistic regres-sion analysis revealed that longer duration of anes-thesia was associated with the higher incidence of PONV; the use of fentanyl PCA with droperidol was associated with the lower incidence of PONV, compared with no use of PCA and the use of fentanyl PCA without droperidol; the use of

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