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information on the history and current status of measuring instruments in Japan and the picture of AS-4Fα. In addition, the authors appreciate Enago (www.enago.jp) for the manuscript review and editing support.The authors received no financial support for the research.Author contributionsK.S. conceptualized this review. Y.K., K.A., and Y.S. searched and screened literatures to review.Y.K., K.A., M.N., S.M., and Y.S. summarized the literatures. Y.K. and Y.S. wrote the draft manu-script. K.S., Y.K., and Y.S. reviewed and edit the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.Conflicts of interest statementThe authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. 1) Ludvigh EJ: Visual acuity while one is viewing a moving object. Arch Ophthalmol (Chicago, Ill 1929), 1949; 42: 14-22. 2) Ludvigh E, Miller JW: A Study of Dynamic Visual Acuity.; 1953. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD00 15173. 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