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of the small intestine, 5-HTR3a expression was significantly increased at the distal portion compared to that at the proximal section in both the restraint and control groups (restraint: p = 0.009; control: p = 0.01) (Figure 3A, B). Moreover, Figure 2　A: The number of fecal pellet outputs during 1 hour of isolation was counted. The restraint (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups were compared. B: Comparison of the rate of fecal water content in the restraint (n=6) and control (n=6) groups. The first fecal pellet collected during isolation and after isolation was compared ((fecal weight before drying - fecal weight after drying) / fecal weight before drying (%)). C: The length of the small intestine was compared between the restraint (n = 9) and control (n = 16) groups. D: The transit rate of the small intestine was compared between the restraint (n = 9) and control (n = 16) groups. The small intestinal transit rate was calculated as the length of the small intestine containing the marker / total small intestinal length × 100%.Table 1　 Amount of mRNA encoding CRH, mast cell, and 5-HT receptor 3a mRNA Small intestineValues are mean ± standard deviation. There was no difference in CRH, 5-HT receptor and mast cell subunits between the restraint and control groups.CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; 5-HT, 5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HTR3a, 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 3Aexpression in the small colon and colon as quantified by real-time PCRRestraint groupControl groupP valueRestraint groupControl groupColonP valueCRH－－－－－－in the distal small intestine, there was no signifi-cant difference in 5-HTR3a expression between the restraint and control groups (0.06 ± 0.03 vs. 0.04 ± 0.01: p = 0.16) (Figure 3C).Mast cell1.50±1.502.36±2.425-HTR3a0.03±0.020.04±0.030.4080.3361.28±1.001.37±0.961.94±0.931.25±0.680.810.05275