68-3

50/130

346532134653213465321fying 21 items into their corresponding subscales with one exception, indicating that the construct validity was satisfactory. Furthermore, the total J-SEWB scores were significantly higher with flex-ible work and longer working hours; the proportion of participants working with flexible hours signifi-cantly increased as working hours prolonged. This suggests that the J-SEWB scale reflected over-work, possibly related to flexible work conditions. Thus, the J-SEWB scale appears to be an effective tool for assessing SEWB related to autonomy and self-management in Japanese employees. It should be emphasized that these results were obtained from subjects with the same age structure as the labor force in whole Japan15).Among four items of “Prolongation/extension of working hours,” item 7, “I work more than 10 hours a day without being directed to do so,” was most heavily loaded on “Refraining from recovery/leisure activities” in the present study. A positive 246Men: Intensification of working hours Prolongation/extension of working hours Refraining from recovery/leisure activities Working despite illness Use of stimulating substances Total SEWBWomen: Intensification of working hours Prolongation/extension of working hours Refraining from recovery/leisure activities Working despite illness Use of stimulating substances Total SEWBTotal: Intensification of working hours Prolongation/extension of working hours Refraining from recovery/leisure activities Working despite illness Use of stimulating substances Total SEWBTable 2　Scores and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the J-SEWB scale in 600 participantsAverageSD 7.28.712.39.36.543.92.83.75.24.93.116.36.87.39.98.06.138.03.13.54.64.13.415.07.08.011.28.76.341.22.93.75.14.63.216.0response to item 7 indicates that employees work for a long time, while the other three items (No. 4–6) indicate a tendency to work even in leisure time. The results for item 7 may indicate that work interferes with leisure time and causes recreation to be abandoned.The total SEWB and subscale scores in men were significantly higher than those in women, except for the two subscales, “Intensification of working hours” and “Use of stimulating substances.” The gender differences in the total SEWB scores were still significant after controlling for the effects of working hours as well as the working hours system (fixed or non-fixed) in a two-way analysis of variance. Although the reasons for this gender difference were not investigated in the current study, this finding could potentially be related to the working environment of female workers in Japanese companies. In Japan, the proportion of managerial positions occupied by women was only MinMax15203025151051520272515921520302515105Cronbach’s alpha0.8910.8480.9340.9530.9550.9580.9330.8340.9330.9390.9720.9510.9120.8460.9370.9490.9640.957