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Table 1　Sociodemographic characteristics of 600 participants (329 men and 271 women)hours” in the original German scale, exhibited the highest loading on Factor 2 (“Refraining from recovery/leisure activities”). Table 4 shows the sociodemographic variables that were significantly related to the total J-SEWB scores in a two-way analysis of variance. The total J-SEWB scores were significantly higher for flex-ible work and longer working hours. The propor-Age (years): 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–64Job: Public official (office work) Public official (technical) Office worker (office work) Office worker (technical) Office worker (sales) Office worker (other) Professionals (e.g., doctors, lawyers) Faculty / ResearcherWorking hours/week: 30–39 40–49 50–59 60 or moreWorking hour system: Fixed Non-fixed: Variable Flextime Exemption Advanced professional type Others Annual income in 2020 (1,000 Yen): less than 2,000 2,000–3,999 4,000–7,999 8,000–11,999 12,000 or moretion of participants working with flexible hours significantly increased as working hours prolonged.The J-SEWB scale showed good reliability, as indicated by Cronbach’s α coefficients of 0.846 or above for all five subscales and the total scores. The factor analysis identified five factors, classi-Men57709179322318797825651228318049172123057222613951713911WomenTotal 5357736622110127164145542311402012381644619219983710328612213313320531362201974093228905628531211361567351492512444412245Discussion