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3)Division of Nephrology, Saitama Children’s Medical Center, Saitama, Japan2)Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan1)Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan4)Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, JapanMasahito SAITOH1), Amane ENDO1), Akina MATSUDA1), Hiroki MIYANO1), Yusuke GONDA1), Akira MIZUTANI1), Taichi HARA1), Mayu NAKAGAWA1), Koji SAKURAYA1), Yayoi MURANO1), Naoto NISHIZAKI2), Shuichiro FUJINAGA3), Neonatal Rats with High Oxygen LoadingCorresponding author: Amane EndoDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanTEL: +81-3-3813-3111 ext. 5670　FAX: +81-3-5800-1580　E-mail: aendo@juntendo.ac.jp〔Received　Dec. 2, 2021〕〔Accepted　Feb. 2, 2022〕J-STAGE Advance published date: May. 27, 2022Copyright © 2022 The Juntendo Medical Society. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original source is properly credited. doi: 10.14789/jmj.JMJ21-0048-OAObjectives: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of hydrogen-rich water (HW) intake on renal injury in neonatal rats with high oxygen loading.Materials: We used pregnant and newborn Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods: Four groups were set up, with mother and newborn rats immediately after delivery as one group: RA-PW (room air and purified water), RA-HW (room air and HW), O2-PW (80% oxygen and purified water), and O2-HW (80% oxygen and HW). The newborn rats were maintained in either a normoxic (room air, 21% oxygen) or controlled hyperoxic (80% oxygen) environment from birth. Then, HW (O2-HW and RA-HW groups) or PW (O2-PW and RA-PW groups) was administered to parents of each group.Results: The number of immature glomeruli significantly increased in the O2-PW group (exposed to hyperoxia). Conversely, the O2-HW group had significantly fewer immature glomeruli than O2-PW group. In the RT-PCR analysis of kidney tissue, α-SMA, TGF-β, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the O2-PW group than in the RA-PW group and significantly lower in the O2-HW group than in the O2-PW group.Conclusions: HW intake can potentially reduce oxidative stress and prevent renal injury in neonates with high oxygen loading.Key words: nephrogenesis, immature glomeruli, neonatal hyperoxia, molecular hydrogenJuntendo Medical Journal2022. 68(3), 235-241Original ArticlesProtective Effects of Hydrogen-rich Water Intake on Renal Injury in IntroductionAdvancement in perinatal care has improved the survival rate of premature and low-birth-weight infants, but the risk of developing organ dysfunc-tion remains (Development Origins of Health and Disease [DOHaD] hypothesis)1). Kidney injury (glomerular filtration rate decrease/proteinuria), hypertension, and renal failure reportedly occur in preterm and low-birth-weight infants2). Often-times, preterm neonates are born while their renal system is still developing because normally, nephro-genesis is not completed until 34-36 gestational weeks3). Thus, renal development continues after birth in these infants. However, the glomerular abnormalities and reduced glomerular formation, 235Yoshiyuki OHTOMO4), Toshiaki SHIMIZU1)