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1) Tsunoda N, Teshima T, Hiratsuka K, et al:Effects of growth and development to sport performances in Japanese pubescent boys. The annual reports of health, physical education and sport science, 2005; 24: 71-76.(in japanese) 2) philippaers RM, Vaeyens R, Janssens M, et al: The relationship between peak height velocity and phys-ical performance in youth soccer players. J Sports Sci, 2006; 24: 221-230. 3) Malina RM, Eisenmann JC, Cumming SP, Ribeiro B, Aroso J: Maturity-associated variation in the growth and functional capacities of youth football (soccer) players 13-15 years. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2004; 91: 555-562. 4) Sontag LW, Snell D, Anderson M: Rate of appearance of ossification centers from birth to the age of five years. Am J Dis Child, 1939; 58: 949-956. 5) Tanner JM: Assessment of skeletal maturity and prediction of adult height (TW2 method). 2nd ed. London: Academic Press, 1983: 22-33. 6) Schmid F, Moll H: Atlas der Normalen und Patholo-gischen Hand skeletentwicklung. Berlin: Springer- Verlag, 1960: 24-35. 7) Murata M: Japanese specific bone age standard on the TW2. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol, 1993; 2: 35-41. (in japa-nese) 8) Satoh M, Tanaka T, Tanae A, et al: Prediction of Final Height in Children of Short Stature Using Growth Potential Method. J Jpn Pediatr Soc, 1998; 102: 1271-1276. (in japanese) 9) Ito R, Yokoya S: Prediction of Final Height in Japanese Children Using Bayley-Pinneau’s Hypothesis. J Jpn Pediatr Soc, 1995; 99: 1788-1795. (in Japanese)10) Matsuoka H, Murata M: Prediction of Final Height Using the Bone Age Standardized for Japanses Children. J Jpn Pediatr Soc, 1997; 101: 1283-1290. (in Japanese)11) Matsuoka H, Tatara H, Murata M: Examination of the formula for predicting final height using the Japanese standard bone age based on the TW2 method - Part 2- A Study on the Prediction of Final Height and the Development of Physical Fitness in Japanese Adoles-cents. Second Report. Japan Sports Medicine and Science Research Report, 1994: 61-65. (in Japanese)12) Hrdlicka A: Anthropometry. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1919; 1: 43-67.13) Ogata T: About target height and target range of Japa-nese. Part 1: Setting target height and target range. J Jpn Pediatr Soc, 1990; 94: 1535-1540. (in Japanese)14) Yokotani S, ito R: Comparison between Projected Height and Final Height. A Study on the Prediction of Final Height and the Development of Physical Fitness in Japanese Adolescents 2nd Report, 1994: 36-45. (in Japanese)15) Tanaka T, Sato M: Prediction of Final Height by 226racy. Therefore, how we consider the growth process is needed to be investigated. We should note that data of body weight was obtained in the study; however, it was not helpful to predict future height. Therefore we did not use the variable.This study had several limitations. First, we enrolled 53 participants to compare the accuracy of traditional models and develop new models, but we did not calculate a required sample size. However, all the data in the study have a low p-value of less than .05, and type 2 errors therefore should not be a problem. Second, this new model may not fit non- elite athletes. In this study, the mean final height was 172.1cm, which is slightly taller than the mean of all Japanese men19). The mean parental heights in this study were also greater than the population mean. The height of athletes may have been taken into account, as well as their playing skills, in deciding on elite status. This may have introduced selection bias, and may make this model suitable only for a limited group of people. Third, we did not assess whether this model fits future athletes because we used all data to develop a new model. Another data set is needed to validate these models. In conclusion, we showed that a conventional model of future height prediction using parents’ height was more accurate than those using bone age, and we developed a new and more accurate height prediction model using actual measured height, calendar age, father’s height, mother’s height and bone age.AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank Mr. Reiji Sato (JFA Academy Fukushima graduate) and Mr. Koya Hayashida (JFA Academy Fukushima graduate) for their many efforts in collecting data for this study. I would also like to thank the 53 graduated students for their understanding and cooperation in this study.The authors received no financial support for the research. Authors’ contributionsConception and design of the study: TA, MN, TM, MYResearch data collection: TA, MD, HI, TTAnalysis and interpretation of data: TA, MNWriting the paper: TA, MNApproval of final manuscript: All authorsThe authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.FundingConflicts of interest statementReferences