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Figure 4　IMP-type MBL production in carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates of P. rettgeri and P. stuartii. Four clinical isolates of P. rettgeri (2496, 2526, 2531 and 2576) and one of P. stuartii (2537) were solubilized and subjected to western blot analysis using monoclonal antibodies against IMP-type MBL and GAPDH. The relative intensity of IMP-type MBL bands to GAPDH bands was calculated. This figure is a modified version of FIG 2 in reference 18. (Iwata S, Tada T, Hishinuma T, et al: Emergence of Carbapenem-Resistant Providencia rettgeri and. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2020; 64.)from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (grant number 22fk018604h702). S.I. was supported by the Training Program for Medical Students in Basic Research, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan (student number 2117016).Author’s contributionsSI collected and reviewed the presented data from previously published articles in medical jour-nals, and drafted the manuscript. TT reviewed the data on drug-resistant genes. SO analyzed the data on biochemical experiments. TH supervised the data on drug-susceptibility profiles. MT constructed the phylogenetic tree and drafted the section of bacterial taxonomy. TT supervised this study.Conflicts of interest statementWe have the following interests. Drs. Miho Ogawa and Masahiro Shimojima is employed by BMI Inc. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare.206 1) Adeolu M, Alnajar S, Naushad S, et al: Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the ‘Enterobacteriales’: proposal for Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov., Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2016; 66: 5575-5599. 2) Somvanshi VS, Lang E, Sträubler B, et al: Providencia vermicola sp. nov., isolated from infective juveniles of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema thermo︲philum. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2006; 56: 629-633. 3) Penner JL, Hennessy JN: Application of O-serotyping in a study of Providencia rettgeri (Proteus rettgeri) isolated from human and nonhuman sources. J Clin Microbiol, 1979; 10: 834-840. 4) Juneja P, Lazzaro BP: Providencia sneebia sp. nov. and Providencia burhodogranariea sp. nov., isolated from wild Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Syst Evol Micro-biol, 2009; 59: 1108-1111. 5) Yoh M, Matsuyama J, Ohnishi M, et al: Importance of Providencia species as a major cause of travellers’ diarrhoea. J Med Microbiol, 2005; 54: 1077-1082. 6) O’Hara CM, Brenner FW, Miller JM: Classification, identification, and clinical significance of Proteus, Prov︲idencia, and Morganella. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2000; 13: 534-546. 7) Albert MJ, Alam K, Ansaruzzaman M, et al: Pathogen-esis of Providencia alcalifaciens-induced diarrhea. Infect References