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for Medical Research and Development (AMED) [grant number JP20ek0410063 (TI)]; the Institute for Environmental & Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University (TI); the OTC Self-Medica-tion Promotion Foundation (TI and YO); Seiichi Mishima Foundation 2019, UBE INDUSTRIES FOUNDATION (TI), Charitable Trust Fund for Ophthalmic Research in Commemoration of Santen Pharmaceutical’s Founder (TI); TERUMO LIFE SCIENCEFOUNDATION, Kondou Kinen Medical Foundation (TI), Nishikawa Medical Foundation 2020 (TI); and The Uehara Memorial Foundation (TI).Competing interestsThe DryEyeRhythm application and AllerSearch application were created using Apple’s ResearchKit (Cupertino, CA, USA) and Medical Logue, Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Y.O. and T.I. are the owners of InnoJin, Inc., Tokyo, Japan for developing DryEye-Rhym and AllerSearch. T.I. reported receiving grants from Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, SEED Co., Ltd, Novartis Pharma K.K., and Kowa Company, Ltd. outside the submitted work, as well as personal fees from Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and InnoJin, Inc. A.M. reported receiving grants from Johnson & Johnson Vision Care and Santen Phar-maceutical Co., Ltd.This study was supported by the following: SEED Co., Ltd.; Alcon Japan, Ltd.; Santen Pharma-ceutical Co., Ltd.; Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; HOYA Corporation; WAKAMOTO Co., Ltd. The funders had no role in the design or conduct of the study, collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of data, preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript, or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.Author Contributions: TI conceived of the concept of this paper and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. JS was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. TI, MN, MI, YO, KF, YA, KF, AY, AMI, KN, AE, HS, JZ, MM, MK, KH, TH, YM, and AM contributed to the development of the study protocol and collected the data. TI, MN, AIM, and MI performed the data analysis and data visualization. TI, AIM, and AM performed funding acquisition. All authors reviewed the advanced concepts within the paper and drafted the manu-script. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Conflicts of Interest: The author(s) declares no conflicts of interest. 1) Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Society 5.0 2016 [Available from: https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/society5_ 0/index.html. 2) Inomata T, Sung J, Nakamura M, et al: Using Medical Big Data to Develop Personalized Medicine for Dry Eye Disease. Cornea. 2020. 3) Inomata T, Sung J, Nakamura M, et al: New medical big data for P4 medicine on allergic conjunctivitis. Allergol Int. 2020; 69: 510-518. 4) Tom E, Keane PA, Blazes M, et al: Protecting Data Privacy in the Age of AI-Enabled Ophthalmology. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2020; 9: 36. 5) Lee CH, Yoon HJ: Medical big data: promise and chal-lenges. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2017; 36: 3-11. 6) Berman JJ: DEFINITION OF BIG DATA. In: Berman JJ, editor. Principles of Big Data. MA: Morgan Kaufmann; 2013. p. 19-26. 7) Laney D: 3D Data Management: Controlling Data Volume, Velocity and Variety: Gartner.; 2001 [Avail-able from: http://blogs.gartner.com/doug-laney/files/ 2012/01/ad949-3D-Data-Management-Controlling- Data-Volume-Velocity-and-Variety.pdf. 8) Hansen MM, Miron-Shatz T, Lau AY, et al: Big Data in Science and Healthcare: A Review of Recent Litera-ture and Perspectives. Contribution of the IMIA Social Media Working Group. Yearb Med Inform. 2014; 9: 21-26. 9) Ferrando M, Bagnasco D, Varricchi G, et al: Personal-ized Medicine in Allergy. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2017; 9: 15-24.10) Zanin M, Tuñas JM, Menasalvas E: Understanding diseases as increased heterogeneity: a complex network computational framework. J R Soc Interface. 2018; 15.11) Inomata T, Shiang T, Iwagami M, et al: Changes in Distribution of Dry Eye Disease by the New 2016 Diagnostic Criteria from the Asia Dry Eye Society. Sci Rep. 2018; 8: 1918.12) Inomata T, Iwagami M, Nakamura M, et al: Character-istics and Risk Factors Associated With Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Symptomatic Dry Eye Using a Smartphone Application. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019; 138: 58-68.13) Stapleton F, Alves M, Bunya VY, et al: TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report. Ocul Surf. 2017; 15: 334-365.14) Inomata T, Nakamura M, Iwagami M, et al: Stratifica-tion of Individual Symptoms of Contact Lens-Associ-ated Dry Eye Using the iPhone App DryEyeRhythm: Crowdsourced Cross-Sectional Study. J Med Internet Res. 2020; 22: e18996.15) World Health Organization. mHealth: New horizons for health through mobile technologies: second global survey on eHealth 2011 [Available from: https://www.who.int/goe/publications/goe_mhealth_web.pdf.527FundingReferences