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520IoT; internet of things, IoMT; internet of medical things.Figure 1　Medical care in the Society 5.0 eragrams) are now emerging in commonplace smart devices. Hence, real-time medical information on individual subjective symptoms and physiological and lifestyle data is becoming increasingly acces-sible. Drawing a parallel to IoT, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) acts as a networking plat-form to communicate and share medical big data. The big data gathered from users, electronic medical records, and environmental/geographical reports from independent sources can be collected and analyzed by AI to implement core values of P4 medicine: predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory medicine (Figure 1)2, 3). This model will reduce the role of traditional facility-based care and introduce effective longitudinal patient- and population-oriented care based on personal-ized, lifetime, and preventative interventions within one’s daily life.In the era of Society 5.0, data are commonly, and aptly, referred to as the “new oil”4). A robust big data accrual has the potential to establish personal-ized health profiles and relevant predictive models that are adjusted for individualized factors. This can then be utilized in prompt diagnosis and early intervention5). As its name suggests, big data is a vast collection of data often characterized by its 3Vs: volume, velocity (update rate and influx speed), and variety6, 7). These characteristics of big data create obstacles in its management and analysis, often requiring highly specialized and costly equip-INTRODUCTIONSociety 5.0 and P4 MedicineSociety 5.0 represents a visionary societal model proposed by the Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, as part of its 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan1). By establishing a technological founda-tion and social contract in fully integrating cyber-space into the physical (real) space, it fuels economic development and resolves long-standing social problems. While Society 4.0 focuses on accessing digital information in all sectors of society, its successive model seeks to advance the intercon-nection between the user and the data and between the gathered data themselves. This is achieved through big data collected from the increasingly commonplace digital sensors and constant input from individuals, which is then meshed into a network known as the Internet of Things (IoT). The accrued big data from the real space, while being collected, are analyzed by artificial intelli-gence (AI) in cyberspace to yield instant feedback to the real space. This constructive feedback loop ultimately generates newfound value from existing and new data. Hence, a long-term positive impact on various industries and society is expected.Similarly, healthcare seeks to integrate big data and AI into routine care in the era of Society 5.0. Novel biosensors (such as photoplethysmogram, pulse oximeters, accelerometers, and electrocardio-