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Yosuke ICHIMIYATwo Autopsy Cases that Cultivated the Foundation of My Interest in Dementia in Clinical Settings　I have been involved in clinical practice and the research of dementia, focusing on Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia in Japan and Dementia with Lewy Bodies is the second most common form. It was as a psychiatrist at Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital during the early stages of my career that I established the foundation of my interest in dementia. Here, I would like to describe the two autopsy cases of dementia that I experienced there. Although both of the patients were clinically diagnosed as having Alzheimer’s disease, the autopsies revealed a different definitive diagnosis. This discrepancy became the cornerstone of my clinical practice in dementia.Juntendo Medical Journal2021. 67(5), 441-444Special ReviewsIntroductionIn 1981, I graduated from Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University and decided to pursue a career in psychiatric medicine. The fact that as a little boy I grew up in employee housing adjacent to a psychiatric hospital in Kawagoe-City, Saitama, contributed significantly to this decision. Back then, I used to play freely on the hospital’s property, spend time with in-patients on a daily basis and join their sports festivals and Bon dance festivals. Initially, I was interested in clinical practice and performing research on schizophrenia, however in graduate school, professor Reiji Iizuka (a chief professor of department of psychiatry, Juntendo University at the time) gave me a research topic on Alzheimer’s disease. This sparked my interest in the disease, and since then I have been involved in clinical practice and the research of dementia, focusing on Alzheimer’s disease.Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Key words: dementia, Alzheimer’ disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, autopsyDepartment of psychiatry, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, JapanCorresponding author: Yosuke IchimiyaDepartment of psychiatry, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center3-3-20, Minamisuna-machi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-0075, JapanTEL: +81-3-5632-3111　E-mail: ichimiya@juntendo.ac.jp352nd Triannual Meeting of the Juntendo Medical Society “Farewell Lectures of Retiring Professors” 〔Held on Mar 31, 2021〕〔Received　May. 6, 2021〕〔Accepted　May. 17, 2021〕J-STAGE Advance published date: Aug. 11, 2021Copyright © 2021 The Juntendo Medical Society. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original source is properly credited. doi: 10.14789/jmj.JMJ21-0002-OAmy current workplace, opened in 2002. After its opening, I was in charge of out-patients care on Mondays as a part-time doctor. In 2007, I assumed the position of director of Department of Psychi-atry, at ever since I have been engaged in medical practice as a full-time doctor. The Geriatric Medical Center has 404 beds, 129 of which are on the ward for dementia treatment. According to the clinical statistics on demented in-patients of the geriatric medical center in 2018 (Figure 1), 60% of the in-pa-tients had Alzheimer’s disease and 15% had Dementia with Lewy Bodies. These findings indi-cate that Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia in Japan and Dementia with Lewy Bodies is the second most common form.Alzheimer’s disease and Dementia with The first patient with Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia, was a 51-year-old women who was described by the German psychi-441Lewy bodies