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patients with type 2 diabetes grouped according to their blood glucose levels, including HbA1c < 7%; Group L, 7%≤ HbA1c < 8 %; Group M, and 8% ≤ HbA1c; Group H. uACR and eGFR levels in patients with well controlled HbA1c levels (Group L) was significantly lower than in those with moderately or poorly controlled HbA1c levels (Groups M or H). The levels of urinary protein and sBP were increased in patients with poorly controlled HbA1c (Group H). As a reason for lower eGFR in Group L compared to other groups, involvement of increased filtration through remaining normal glomeruli asso-ciated with decrease in the number of normal glomeruli, that is, hyperfiltration in a process of deterioration of renal function was assumed.25, 26)ΔuACR/year was significantly higher in patients with sBP of more than 130 mmHg than in patients with sBP of less than 130 mmHg even in Group L with good controlled HbA1c levels. ΔeGFR/year had significantly decreased in patients without RASI than in patients with RASI even in Group L. It was suggested that lowering blood pressure prevents proteinuria from increasing and that oral administration of RASI maintains renal function. In this study, however, blood pressure control maintaining sBP at 130 mmHg is required to decrease proteinuria. Therefore, it was considered that there are some issues that should be resolved. Especially, the condition in majority of the elderly is considered to be complicated by arteriosclerosis lesion, and thus a possibility that treatment easily leads to excessive lowering of blood pressure should be considered to perform blood pressure control in this population group. How the target hypotensive level (130 mmHg) should be achieved became a future issue. The treatment targets in patients with type 2 diabetes are set as HbA1c of lower than 7% and blood pressure of less than 130/80 mmHg in our hospital8), but in this study, these targets were achieved in approximately 30% of the patients (n=222/739) and kidney protecting effect of drug was commonly insufficient even in patients who receives treatment with RASI. In order to obtain sufficient drug effect, strict treatment target should be achieved. Furthermore, it is considered neces-sary to take measures to prevent adverse events associated with the treatment drugs such as exces-sive lowering of blood pressure or severe hypogly-cemia.This study had some limitations and difficulties: 1) it was a retrospective single-center study, 2) there may have been unintended selection bias or potential bias and 3) small numbers of patients after classification by each factor. Therefore, the results of this study need to be confirmed by the prospective study.We thank Dr. Yasuhiko Tomino, Professor Emer-itus in Juntendo University for his suggestions.No funding was received.GK conceived the study, participated in the study design and analyzed the data. SS and SY analyzed the data. YM, TY and YS conceived and participated in the study design and critically reviewed the manuscript. The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. 1) de Zeeuw D, Remuzzi G, Parving HH, et al: Albumin-uria, a therapeutic target for cardiovascular protection in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Circula-tion, 2004; 110: 921-927. 2) Mori H, Ukai H, Yamamoto H, et al: Current status of antihypertensive prescription and associated blood pressure control in Japan. Hypertens Res, 2006; 29: 143-151. 3) Makino H, Nakamura Y, Wada J: Remission and regression of diabetic nephropathy. Hypertens Res, 2003; 26: 515-519. 4) Ogawa S, Takeuchi K, Mori T, Ito S: Effects of mono-therapy of temocapril or candesartan with dose incre-ments or combination therapy with both drugs on the suppression of diabetic nephropathy. Hypertens Res, 2007; 30: 325-334. 5) Buse JB, Ginsberg HN, Bakris GL, et al: Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in people with diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association. Circulation, 2007; 115: 114-126. 6) Makino H, Haneda M, Babazono T, et al: Microalbumin-uria reduction with telmisartan in normotensive and hypertensive Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a post-hoc analysis of The Incipient to Overt Hypertens Res, 2008; 31: 657-664. 7) United Kingdom prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Groups: Intensive Blood -glucose control with Sulpho-　353AcknowledgementsFundingAuthors’ contributionsConflicting interest statementReferences